Before Reading:
- Pronounce the word and use the Spanish equivalent; then have students repeat the word in English several times
- Tap students’ prior knowledge and identify anchor or familiar words for new vocabulary words, e.g., “walk” as the anchor for “saunter”u
- Pre-teach words before students read the material
- Introduce graphic organizers that show relationships among words
- Show real, actual objects, pictures, picture books, and video clips to introduce vocabulary
- Use the Spanish equivalent
- Teach students how to use the structure of words, e.g., compound words, prefixes, roots, and suffixes, to break down a word into the meaningful units
During Reading:
- Define words in context, using sentences from students’ reading material
- Help students find the context clues that will help them determine the meaning of an unknown word as they read
- Use graphic organizers to help students process the content
- Show students how to use the dictionary to confirm their predictions about the meaning of the vocabulary they meet in their reading
- Talk-through the words as students hear these during oral reading
- Use a variety of strategies to help students process the meaning of difficult words
After Reading:
- Focus on a limited number of key words, particularly interrelated words, to increase the depth of their understanding and concept development
- Give students multiple exposures to words throughout the day in order to cement their understanding of the word meanings
- Reinforce new words through activities, discussions, and assignments following students’ reading
- Help make the words meaningful to students by linking the words with familiar things, people, or experiences
- Have students incorporate the new words into students’ writing assignments
- Help students integrate new words into their speaking and writing vocabularies
- Display word walls and other graphic organizers with the new vocabulary and definitions
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